Japanese Art

JAPAN SHELTERED; LITTLE FOREIGN INTERFERENCE
OPENED IN 1854; UKIYO-E PRINTS; FAME IN NINETEENTH CENTURY
JAPANESE ARTISTS WORKED ON COMMISSION; FOR RELIGION OR ROYAL COURT
MASTERS RAN WORKSHOPS; PAPER AND INK; MASTER CREATED COMPOSITION, ASSISTANTS WORKED ON COLOR AND DETAILS
PAINTING HIGHLY ESTEEMED; PRACTICED BY ARISTOCRATS

ZEN BUDDHISM
IMPORTED FROM CHINA IN THE LATE TWELFTH CENTURY
REJECTS WORLDLINESS, MATERIALISM, AND PHYSICAL ADORNMENT
AUSTERITY, SELF CONTROL, COURAGE, LOYALTY
MEDITATION IS KEY TO ENLIGHTENMENT; TEACHES INTUITION THROUGH INTROSPECTION, RATHER THAN THROUGH BOOKS/SCRIPTURE; WARRIORS/ARTISTS ADAPTED THIS PHILOSOPHY

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE
ZEN PHILOSOPHY IS REFLECTED; SIMPLE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS; MADE OF WOOD, MEANT TO HARMONIZE WITH ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
FLOORS OVERLAID WITH STRAW MATS; ZEN GARDEN; SERVE FOR SPIRITUAL REFRESHMENT AND CONTEMPLATION
DEEP RESPECT FOR THE NATURAL WORLD; SHINTOISM BELIEVES IN SPIRITS
JAPAN IS HEAVILY FORESTED; WOOD NATURAL CHOICE

JAPANESE PAINTING AND PRINTING
MASTERS OF HANDSCROLL, HANGING SCROLL, AND DECORATIVE SCREEN
CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE STYLE INCLUDE ELEVATED VIEWPOINTS, DIAGONAL LINES AND DEPERSONALIZED FACES
HABOKU PAINTING: RESEMBLES INK BEING SPLASHED
YAMATO-E FEATURES TALES FROM JAPANESE HISTORY AND LITERATURE FEATURED IN LONG NARRATIVE SCROLLS
DEPERSONALIZATION OF FIGURES IN YAMATO-E; VAGUE FACES; STRONG DIAGONALS, CLOUDS USED TO DIVIDE COMPOSITIONS

GENRE PAINTING (UKIYO-E)
DEPICTS SCENES OF EVERYDAY LIFE OR PLEASURE
FESTIVALS, THEATRE, DOMESTIC LIFE, ETC
WOODBLOCK PRINTS, CAN BE FOUND IN SCROLLS AND PAINTED SCREENS
IMMENSELY POPULAR; MILLIONS OF PRINTS; EUROPE AND AMERICA
PRINTMAKING COLLABORATIVE PROCESS BETWEEN THE ARTIST AND THE PUBLISHER
WESTERN ARTISTS INSPIRED BY THESE; FLAT AREAS OF COLOR, LACK OF SHADOWS, ODD COMPOSITIONAL ANGLES, FIGURES SEEN FROM BEHIND

VOCABULARY
GENRE PAINTING
HABOKU (SPLASHED INK)
TARASHIKOMI (JAPANESE PAINTING TECHNIQUE IN WHICH PAINT IS APPLIED TO A SURFACE THAT HAS NOT BEEN DRIED FROM A PREVIOUS APPLICATION)
UKIYO-E
YAMATO-E (NATIVE SUBJECT MATTER, STYLIZED FEATURES, THICK BRIGHT PIGMENTS)
ZEN (METAPHYSICAL BRANCH OF BUDDHISM THAT TEACHES FULFILLMENT THROUGH SELF DISCIPLINE AND INTUITION)

SUMMARY
GREAT EMPHASIS ON HARMONIZING BUILDINGS/SCULPTURES WITH THE NATURAL SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT; BUILDINGS MEANT TO BE VIEWED AS PART OF AN OVERALL BALANCE IN NATURE; JAPANESE BUILDING COMPLETE A SETTING INSTEAD OF INTERRUPTING
SCROLLS ADMIRED; IMPACT OF UKIYO-E PRINTS ON EUROPEAN ART