art history

Acropolis. Athens, Greece. Iktinos and Kallikrates. c. 447–410 B.C.E. Marble. marble temple dedicated to athena overlooking athens, aegean sea most powerful city state symbol of the birth of democracy architectural refinement doric temple symbol of city's wealth and power gift to patron goddess mathematics, wisdom  In drama and philosophy, literature, art and architecture Athens was second to none. The city’s empire stretched from the  western Mediterranean to the Black Sea, creating enormous wealth. This paid for one of the biggest public building projects ever seen in Greece, which included the Parthenon. The temple known as the Parthenon was built on the Acropolis of Athens between 447 and 438 B.CE. It was part of a vast building program masterminded by the Athenian statesman Perikles. Inside the temple stood a colossal statue representing Athena, patron goddess of the city. The building itself was decorated with marble sculptures representing scenes from Ath...

Tomb of the Triclinium. Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan. c. 480–470 B.C.E. Tufa and fresco. Funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the Etruscan civilization. The elite members of Etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time. The city of Tarquinia (known in antiquity as Tarquinii or Tarch(u)na), one of the most powerful and prominent Etruscan centers, is known for its painted chamber tombs. The Tomb of the Triclinium belongs to this group and its wall paintings reveal important information about not only Etruscan funeral culture but also about the society of the living. Chamber tombs are subterranean rock-cut chambers  The tombs are intended to contain not only the remains of the deceased but also various grave goods or offerings deposited along with the deceased. The Tomb of the Triclinium is composed of a single chamber with wall decorations painted in fresco.  Th...

Athenian agora. Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 B.C.E.–150 C.E. Plan. MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC SPACE IN ATHENS PUBLIC DISCOURSE EXPERIMENT OF DEMOCRACY STARTED AS A MARKETPLACE THROUGH THE CLASSICAL BECAME A PLACE OF GOV WITH ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS STOA - BUSINESS, CIVIC LIFE

REFERENCE TO ANOTHER PERSON AN IDEAL MADE FOR SON WHO DIED IN WAR GRAVE MARKER ARCHAIC PERIOD TO GODDESS ATHENA ARTEMIS OR ATHENA PAINTED, COLORS FADED FAINT MOVEMENT ARCHAIC SMILE REPRESENTS TRANSCENDENCE GEOMETRIC DESIGNS ON DRESS

Niobides Krater. Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter. c. 460–450 B.C.E. Clay, red- gure technique (white highlights). 5TH CENTURY USED TO MIX WINE AND WATER (CALYX) MORTAL NIOBE HAD 14 CHILDREN STIFFNESS OF EARLY CLASSICAL RED FIGURE PAINTING FOLDS OF DRAPERY PERFECT PROFILE FIGURES OCCUPY DIFFERENT LEVELS, ILLUSION OF SPACE FIRST ARTIST TO PAINT FIGURES IN DEPTH SOLDIERS ASKING HERAKLES FOR PROTECTION, BATTLE AGAINST PERSIANS GREEK WALL PAINTING DOESNT NOT SURVIVE

Archaic period Kouros (the singular form) is a term used to describe a type of statue of a male figure produced in marble during the Archaic period of Greek art. The kouros was not intended as a realistic portrait of the deceased, but an idealized representation of values and virtues to which the dead laid claim: youthful beauty, athleticism and aristocratic bearing, among others. They all have a conventional pose, where the head and body can be divided equally by a central line, and the legs are parted with the weight placed equally front and back. The male figures, usually in the form of naked young men, acted both as grave markers and as votive offerings The female figures served similar functions, but differed from their male counterparts in that they were elaborately draped. Classical period By around 500 B.C.E.  "rule by the people," or democracy, had emerged in the city of Athens. Following the defeat of a Persian invasion in 480-479 B.C.E., mainland Greece and ...

Greeks are interested in the human figure the idea of  perfection . Greek Temples provide a foundation for European architecture and reflects the idea of obtaining perfection with  mathematical ratios . The Greek time period starts at around 900 BCE, about 200 years after the collapse of the Mycenaeans. In the  5th century, the Greeks defeated the Persians , though it left Athens in ruins (rebuilt by Pericles) = Start of the Classical time period Polykleitos's canon of proportions : The head should be 1/7 of the body. The  chiastic stance  that expresses the alternating relaxed and stressed muscles. The Peloponnesian War in 432 BCE (lasted about 27 years) devastated and crushed Athens by the  victorious Spartans  = Start of the Hellenistic Alexander the Great took over and united the Macedonians with the Greeks in the 4th century and after his death, his empire gave into Roman rule. Periods: GEOMETRIC: simplified, smooth ARCHAIC:  Ide...